What Is the Stock Market? Simple Guide for Everyone

 NVIDIA (NVDA) From $1 Billion to $5 Trillion – The King of AI Chips

Nvidia Corporation

Nvidia Corporation is an American technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. The company designs graphics processing units (GPUs), systems on chips (SoCs), and application programming interfaces (APIs) for data science, high-performance computing, video games, and mobile and automotive applications. Founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem, Nvidia is widely considered a major force in modern computing and is often grouped with the world's leading "Big Tech" companies.

Originally focused on GPUs for video games, Nvidia expanded into markets including artificial intelligence (AI), professional visualization, and supercomputing. Its product lines include GeForce GPUs for gaming and creative work, as well as professional GPUs for edge computing, scientific research, and industrial applications. By the mid-2020s, Nvidia held a dominant share of the discrete desktop and laptop GPU market.

In the early 2000s, the company invested billions to develop CUDA, a software platform that enabled GPUs to run massively parallel programs for compute-intensive applications. By 2025, Nvidia controlled the vast majority of the market for GPUs used in training and deploying AI models and supplied chips for the majority of the world's most powerful supercomputers. The company also expanded into gaming hardware and services with products such as the Shield Portable, Shield Tablet, and Shield TV, as well as the GeForce Now cloud gaming service. Additionally, it developed the Tegra line of mobile processors for smartphones, tablets, and automotive infotainment systems.

Nvidia became the seventh U.S. company to reach a $1 trillion valuation in 2023. By 2025, driven by surging global demand for AI data center hardware, Nvidia made history as the first company to surpass both $4 trillion and $5 trillion in market capitalization. For its size and influence, Nvidia is considered one of the stock market's "Magnificent Seven" leading technology companies.

History

Founding

The company's origins trace to a late 1992 meeting at a Denny's restaurant in San Jose, California. At the time, Malachowsky and Priem were looking to leave Sun Microsystems, while Huang was running his own division at LSI Logic. The three envisioned graphics-based processing as the best path to solve challenges that general-purpose computing could not. As Huang later explained, video games were both computationally challenging and poised for high sales volume, making them the perfect "killer app" to fund massive R&D.

Huang’s wife did not want him to resign unless Malachowsky resigned at the same time, and vice versa. Priem broke the deadlock by resigning first. Huang left LSI on his 30th birthday, and Malachowsky left Sun shortly after. With $40,000 in the bank, the company was born. They later received venture capital from Sequoia Capital and others. During the late 1990s, Nvidia was one of dozens of startups pursuing 3D graphics acceleration; only Nvidia and ATI Technologies (later merged into AMD) survived.

The name "Nvidia" comes from "invidia," the Latin word for "envy." After outgrowing Priem’s townhouse, the company’s first official headquarters was in Sunnyvale, California.

First Graphics Accelerator and Survival

Nvidia's first accelerator, the NV1, processed quadrilateral primitives, which set it apart from competitors using triangles. However, when Microsoft introduced DirectX and announced its Direct3D API would support only triangles, the NV1 failed to gain traction. The company also partnered with Sega for the Dreamcast console, but its technology lagged behind. In a pivotal moment, Sega’s president personally informed Huang they were choosing another vendor but believed in Nvidia’s potential, persuading Sega to invest $5 million. Huang later said this funding was all that kept Nvidia afloat.

In 1996, Huang laid off more than half of Nvidia's employees and focused the company on developing a triangle-optimized accelerator: the RIVA 128. By its release in 1997, Nvidia had only enough money for one month's payroll, giving rise to the unofficial motto: "Our company is thirty days from going out of business." The RIVA 128 sold a million units within months, funding the next generation of products.

Public Company and Growth

Nvidia went public in January 1999. Later that year, it released the GeForce 256, the first product expressly marketed as a GPU. Its strong performance won the contract to develop graphics hardware for Microsoft's Xbox. In 2001, Nvidia replaced Enron in the S&P 500 index. Over the following years, Nvidia acquired several companies, including the intellectual assets of former rival 3dfx, as well as Exluna, MediaQ, and others.

In the late 2000s, Nvidia faced challenges, including a class-action lawsuit over manufacturing defects in certain chipsets and GPUs, which was settled in 2010. In 2011, Nvidia signed a major cross-licensing agreement with Intel. The company also entered the mobile market with its Tegra line of ARM-based systems on a chip.

In 2013, Nvidia announced plans for a new headquarters shaped like two giant triangles, a nod to the fundamental building block of computer graphics. By 2014, the company had diversified into three core markets: gaming, automotive electronics, and mobile devices.

AI and Supercomputing Era

From 2016 onward, Nvidia launched successive generations of powerful GPUs—Pascal, Volta, Turing, and Ampere—cementing its leadership in AI and high-performance computing. In 2019, the company acquired Mellanox Technologies for nearly $7 billion to expand its footprint in the data center and supercomputing market. In 2020, Nvidia announced plans to acquire Arm from SoftBank for $40 billion, but the deal ultimately collapsed in 2022 due to regulatory challenges.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Nvidia saw surging demand for its products as remote work and AI research accelerated. The company also developed an open-source ventilator and announced plans to build powerful supercomputers for healthcare research.

In 2023, Nvidia’s H100 GPUs became so critical to the AI boom that tech giants were effectively "begging" for supply. The company’s market valuation crossed $1 trillion that year. In early 2024, it became the third U.S. company to close above a $2 trillion market cap, reaching that milestone far faster than Apple or Microsoft. By June 2024, Nvidia surpassed Microsoft and Apple to become the world’s most valuable company, with a market cap exceeding $3.3 trillion. It later became the first company ever to reach $4 trillion and then $5 trillion in market capitalization.

In late 2024, Nvidia was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The company continued to face geopolitical challenges, including U.S. export restrictions on advanced chips to China, which led Nvidia to design modified products for the Chinese market. In early 2025, the company saw a historic one-day loss of $600 billion in market cap following competition from a Chinese AI startup, but long-term demand remained strong.

In late 2025, Nvidia announced a $5 billion investment in struggling rival Intel and a proposed $100 billion partnership with OpenAI. By early 2026, the company had made numerous acquisitions, including CentML, SchedMD, and assets from Groq, and had expanded its research presence in Israel and elsewhere.

Corporate Affairs and Leadership

Nvidia's key management includes founder Jensen Huang as CEO, Chris Malachowsky as an Nvidia fellow, Colette Kress as CFO, and other senior executives. The board of directors includes various technology and business leaders.

For the fiscal year 2025, Nvidia reported revenue of approximately $130 billion with net income of $72.8 billion. The following year, revenue grew to $215 billion. The largest shareholders include The Vanguard Group, BlackRock, and Jensen Huang himself.

Nvidia uses external suppliers for all manufacturing (wafer fabrication, assembly, testing, packaging), avoiding most capital investment and risk associated with chip production. The company focuses its own resources on design, quality assurance, marketing, and support.

GPU Technology Conference (GTC)

Nvidia’s GTC is a series of technical conferences held globally, starting in 2009. While early conferences focused on GPU computing potential, recent events emphasize AI, deep learning, autonomous vehicles, healthcare, and hands-on training. GTC 2025 saw the unveiling of next-generation AI hardware and humanoid robotics models.

Product Families

Nvidia's major product lines include:

- GeForce– Consumer-oriented GPUs for gaming and creative workloads.

- RTX / Quadro – Professional visual computing GPUs (the Quadro brand has been retired).

- Tegra – System on a chip for mobile devices and automotive infotainment.

- Tesla / Data Center GPUs – Dedicated GPUs for scientific and AI computing.

- Shield – Gaming hardware including portable, tablet, and TV devices.

- Drive – Hardware and software platform for autonomous vehicles.

- BlueField – Data processing units inherited from Mellanox.

- DGX – Enterprise supercomputing platform for deep learning.

- Omniverse – Platform for creating metaverse and simulation applications.

Nvidia also develops the proprietary CUDA platform and DLSS technology, which are only available on its hardware.

Open Source and Software Support

Historically, Nvidia was criticized for not publishing hardware documentation, preventing free and open-source drivers. In 2022, the company began open-sourcing its GPU kernel modules under dual GPL/MIT licensing, allowing developers to inspect and contribute code. By 2026, Nvidia had over 100 open-source projects on GitHub, covering computer vision, networking, robotics, and generative AI.

Still, some core technologies like CUDA and DLSS remain proprietary. Nvidia provides its own binary drivers for Linux, and while support for RISC-V architectures was announced in 2025, the company has had a contentious relationship with some free-software communities.

Deep Learning, Robotics, and Automotive

Nvidia GPUs are central to deep learning due to CUDA, which allows massive parallelization of machine learning algorithms. In 2009, researchers used Nvidia GPUs to speed up deep learning systems by roughly 100 times. The company’s DGX supercomputers and cloud instances are widely used by researchers and enterprises.

In robotics, Nvidia released the Omniverse simulation platform and open-sourced Isaac Sim for training robots. In 2025, the company announced Isaac GR00T N1, an open-source foundation model for humanoid robots.

In automotive, Nvidia’s Drive platform is used for autonomous vehicle development. The company has partnered with Toyota, Baidu, and others. At CES 2026, Nvidia announced the Alpamayo family of open AI models and simulation tools for safe, reasoning-based autonomous vehicle development.

Controversies

-GTX 970 Specifications – Nvidia faced a class-action lawsuit after it was revealed the card had 3.5 GB of fast memory and 0.5 GB of slower memory, not 4 GB of uniform memory as advertised. The company settled by offering a $30 refund to purchasers.

- GeForce Partner Program – A marketing program announced in 2018 that drew criticism as potentially anti-competitive; Nvidia canceled it within two months.

- Hardware Unboxed Ban– In 2020, Nvidia briefly banned a YouTube reviewer from receiving review samples for focusing on rasterization rather than ray tracing. After widespread backlash, the company apologized and reversed its decision.

- Cryptomining Disclosures – In 2022, the SEC charged Nvidia for failing to disclose that cryptomining was a significant element of its gaming-chip revenue growth, misleading investors. Nvidia paid a $5.5 million settlement without admitting or denying the findings.

- French Competition Investigation – In 2023, Nvidia’s French offices were searched as part of an investigation into suspected anti-competitive practices in the graphics card sector.

- Chinese Market Restrictions – Following U.S. export controls, Nvidia developed modified AI chips for China, such as the H20. In 2025, Chinese authorities warned domestic companies against purchasing the chip, leading Nvidia to halt production. The situation remained fluid, with subsequent U.S. approvals for other exports and ongoing geopolitical tensions over technological standards.

Discover the complete history of NVIDIA Corporation (NVDA). From founding a 3D graphics company to becoming a $5 trillion AI chip giant. Covering stock splits, revenue breakdown, and future forecasts for 2026.

The Undisputed King of the Silicon Age

    
If you have played a video game in the last 20 years, driven a modern car, or used a generative AI tool like ChatGPT, you have felt the impact of NVIDIA Corporation (NVDA) . What started as a quirky startup in a Denny’s restaurant in 1993 is now, as of 2026, the most valuable public company in the world, having smashed through the $5 trillion market cap barrier .

    
In the world of semiconductors, there is Intel, there is AMD, and then there is the giant standing above them all: NVIDIA. But this is not just a story about gaming graphics. This is about a visionary bet on parallel computing made 20 years ago that is paying off at a scale never seen in human history.

The History of NVIDIA – From Denny’s to Dominance

To understand NVDA’s $5 trillion valuation, you have to understand its "30-year overnight success." The journey is defined by near-bankruptcy, audacious risks, and technological revolutions.

Before the age of AI, before Cloud Computing, there was the PC revolution. In 1993, Jensen Huang (currently the longest-tenured tech CEO in the S&P 500), along with Chris Malachowsky and Curtis Priem, founded NVIDIA . They had one belief: conventional processors weren’t good enough to render realistic 3D graphics.The Founding (1993): The Three Amigos

They raised just $40,000 and set up shop in California. Their first product, the NV1, was a technical marvel but a commercial flop. It tried to do too much—quadratic textures instead of triangles—and was largely rejected by the market. By 1996, the company was close to running out of money.

The Breakthrough (1997-1999): The Birth of the GPU

Jensen executed a legendary pivot. He embraced the industry standard (triangles), laid off half the staff to fund the last-ditch effort, and released the RIVA 128 (NV3) . It was a hit, selling over 1 million units in four months .

But the true revolution came on October 11, 1999. NVIDIA released the GeForce 256 (NV10) . This wasn't just a chip; it was the world’s first Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) . It was a processor so powerful that it offloaded every visual calculation from the CPU, revolutionizing gaming forever.

That same year, they went public. On January 22, 1999, NVDA stock began trading at $12 per share. At the time, the company’s market cap was a modest $1 billion.

The Microsoft & Sony Era (2000-2006)

The early 2000s were the "Console Wars." Microsoft chose NVIDIA to build the graphics hardware for the original Xbox in 2000, and Sony chose NVIDIA for the PlayStation 3 in 2005 . This validated NVIDIA as the premier visual computing company on earth.

The "Big Bang" Investment: CUDA (2006)

Here is the most important date in NVIDIA history: 2006.

While making gaming chips, Jensen Huang had a hypothesis. What if, instead of just drawing pictures, the GPU could be used to do complex math for science?

They invented CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) . CUDA allowed developers to use the immense parallel power of GPUs for "general purpose" computing (GPGPU).

The Risk: For years, CUDA was a massive financial drain. Investors asked, "Why are you spending billions on a feature no gamer uses?" Jensen kept the faith. Those billions built an ecosystem moat so deep that no competitor (AMD or Intel) has been able to cross it. Today, every single AI developer uses CUDA.

The Meteoric Rise of NVDA Stock (2016-2026)

For the first 20 years, NVDA was a volatile but solid growth stock. Then, the world woke up to AI.

The Inflection Point (2016)

Jensen Huang personally delivered the first DGX-1—an AI supercomputer—to a tiny startup called OpenAI . On that machine, handwritten, was a message: "To the digital intelligence of the future."

The Crypto Boom & Bust (2017-2018)

Nvidia’s chips were perfect for mining Ethereum. The stock skyrocketed, crashed when crypto crashed, and then kept climbing. This volatility taught investors that consumer crypto was just a trailer for the main event: AI.

The Generative AI Explosion (2022-2024)

With the launch of ChatGPT and the H100 GPU (the "engine of AI"), demand went parabolic. The H100 became the most valuable industrial commodity on earth, selling for over $30,000 per unit. By June 2024, NVIDIA crossed the $3 trillion market cap, surpassing Apple and Microsoft briefly . They also executed a 10-for-1 stock split to make shares more accessible .

The Trillion-Dollar Sprint (2025-2026)

The pace has only accelerated.

- July 2025: First company to hit $4 Trillion valuation

- October 2025: First company to hit $5 Trillion valuation .

- Current 2026: As of May 2026, NVDA continues to trade with a massive weighting in the S&P 500, often

dictating the direction of the entire market .

 Why Is NVDA Worth $5 Trillion? The Revenue Deep Dive

Investor Math: If you had invested $1,000 in NVDA at the IPO in 1999, it would be worth

roughly $4.9 million today .

The Numbers

- Quarterly Revenue: $68.13 Billion (Up 73% Year-over-Year) .

- Net Margin: 55.6% (Meaning: For every $1 of sales, they keep $0.55 as profit) .

- Earnings Per Share (EPS): $1.62 vs. $1.54 estimate (Beat) .

Segment Breakdown (Where the Money Comes From)

According to the latest data, the breakdown of NVDA’s business has completely flipped from ten years ago .

1. Data Center (91.5% of revenue – $62.31B)

This is now the entire story. Data Centers are buying Nvidia GPUs like

Blackwell (currently shipping in massive volume) and the upcoming Rubin architecture. These chips train large language models (LLMs) and run "inference" (AI reasoning). They are powering everything from Google Cloud to autonomous factories. Jensen recently

stated they have "strong visibility of $1 Trillion plus" demand for Blackwell and Rubin through 2027 .

2. Gaming (Roughly 5-6% of revenue)

Don't let the small percentage fool you—this is still a massive business. The GeForce RTX 50 Series

(Blackwell for gaming) launched in late 2025/early 2026. These cards dominate the high-end PC market,

enabling 4K/8K gaming with advanced Ray Tracing .

3. Automotive & OEM (Small but Strategic)

Nvidia powers the brains of autonomous vehicles. Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar Land Rover, and even Chinese

EV makers use the NVIDIA DRIVE platform.

Free Cash Flow

Wall Street is drooling over the cash generation. Bank of America estimates NVIDIA will generate

over $400 Billion in free cash flow in 2026-2027 (matching Apple + Microsoft combined) .

They are using this cash to buy back stock and pay a small dividend.

Jensen Huang & The GTC Vision (2026 Deep Dive)

Every year, NVIDIA holds GTC (GPU Technology Conference). In March 2026, Jensen Huang

laid out the next three years of computing .

The "Physical AI" Thesis

The "Physical AI" Thesis

Jensen Huang argues that we have passed three inflections:

1.  Generative AI (Creating text/images).

2.  Reasoning (Solving logic problems).

3.  Agentic AI & Physical AI (AI that takes action and robots that move).

He introduced the concept of "Token Budgets" —where engineers will consume AI tokens as a

utility, just like electricity. Therefore, the computer is no longer just a tool; it is a manufacturing

device producing valuable tokens.

The Product Roadmap

- Blackwell Ultra (Current): The most powerful AI chip ever made, currently shipping in

"AI Factories."

- Rubin (2026-2027): The next architecture. Jensen confirmed demand for Rubin is already

stacking up alongside Blackwell to hit that $1T+ figure.

- Vera Rubin / Groq: The focus is on "throughput"—how many tokens you can generate per dollar.

NVIDIA is aiming to reduce the "cost of reasoning" to near zero to enable ubiquitous AI .

Geopolitics & China

One of the biggest risks cited by analysts (BofA, MarketBeat) is China. Due to US export controls,

NVIDIA’s business in China has been severely impacted. However, they have engineered

"compliant" chips (H20, etc.) to try to maintain a foothold in the massive Chinese market.

While revenue from China fluctuates, global demand from the US and Europe is filling the gap .

The Moat – Why AMD & Intel Can’t Catch Up

You might ask: "Can’t AMD just make a faster chip?"

The answer is **No**, and here is why:

The answer is No, and here is why:

For 15 years, NVIDIA paid developers to learn CUDA. Millions of lines of code are written

specifically for NVIDIA hardware. AI engineers don't want to re-write their software to run

on AMD's ROCm; it costs too much time and money. NVIDIA is not just a hardware

company; it is a software company that happens to sell the hardware.

2. The "Full Stack"

NVIDIA doesn't just sell a chip. They sell an AI Factory. This includes:

- The GPU (H100/B100).

- The Networking (InfiniBand/Ethernet switches they acquired via Mellanox).

- The CPU (Grace Hopper).

They sell a rack of servers that just works out of the box. AMD sells a chip that requires

you to build the rest yourself.

3. Speed of Innovation

NVIDIA operates on a One-Year Rhythm. While Intel struggles to get one generation

out every three years, NVIDIA is launching new architectures (Hopper -> Blackwell -> Rubin)

like clockwork .

Stock Analysis – Is NVDA a Buy, Sell, or Hold in 2026?

As of May 2026, let's look at the technical and fundamental picture.

The Bull Case (Why you buy)

- Valuation: The Forward P/E ratio is around 24-25x. For a company growing revenue at 70%+,

this is arguably cheap .

- Agentic AI: We are only in the first inning of AI deployment. Every enterprise will need AI agents.

- Cash Returns: BofA suggests NVDA may raise its dividend yield from 0.02% to as high as 1%,

which would force massive mutual funds to buy the stock .

The Bear Case (The Risks)

- Insider Selling: Executives and Directors (including the CFO) have been selling stock consistently.

While standard for compensation, high volumes of insider selling can spook the market .

- Competition (ASICs): Google has its TPU (Tensor Processing Unit) and is now selling them to

other companies. Amazon has Trainium. Startups like Groq are building "LPUs." If the big

cloud giants (AWS, Google, Microsoft) build their own chips to save money, it could eat into

NVDA’s 90% market share .

- The Law of Large Numbers: It is mathematically challenging for a $5 trillion company to

double again soon.

Analyst Ratings

As of May 2026, the consensus among 50+ analysts is a "Buy."

- Average Price Target: $275.25 (Implies upside from current ~$196) .

- Price Targets range from $235 to $300.

The Future – Where Does NVIDIA Go From Here?

We are looking at the world through the lens of 2026 and beyond.

1. Humanoid Robotics

NVIDIA is building the "brains" for the next generation of factories: Omniverse. They believe

the next trillion-dollar market is humanoid robots working alongside humans in logistics and

manufacturing.

2. Sovereign AI

Countries around the world (Japan, Germany, India, Saudi Arabia) want to build their own "National AI Infrastructure." They don't want to rely on US cloud providers. They will buy NVIDIA

supercomputers directly to run their own sovereign clouds. This is a massive untapped $100B+

market.

3. Quantum Computing Integration

While still early, NVIDIA’s CUDA-Q platform is becoming the standard for hybrid quantum-classical computing .

The Most Important Company of Our Time

NVIDIA has transcended the chip industry. It is now the nexus of Artificial Intelligence, Automotive,

Robotics, and Climate Science.

NVDA is no longer a "gaming stock." It is the infrastructure stock for the 21st century. While

competition is coming and the valuation is high, the moat of CUDA and the vision of Jensen Huang

(the "Godfather of AI") suggest that NVIDIA is still just getting started.

If you are looking for the engine of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, you are looking at it. The future

runs on NVIDIA.

Disclaimer :- This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice.

Always do your own research (DYOR) before investing in stocks like NVDA.

Ticker: NVDA

Sector: Semiconductors / AI / Data Center

Current Status (as of May 2026): Buy / Accumulate

NVDA stock chart by TradingView

var nvidiaGDClogqueue = []; var nvidiaGDClog = function() { nvidiaGDClogqueue.push(arguments) }; ;(function ( nvidiaGDC ){ nvidiaGDC.SC = nvidiaGDC.SC || {}; nvidiaGDC.SC.vars = nvidiaGDC.SC.vars || {}; nvidiaGDC.SC.vars.pageTemplate = "/conf/nvidiaweb/settings/wcm/templates/enterprise-template".toLowerCase(); var nvidiaGDCFunctionQueue = function(){ this.queue = []; }; nvidiaGDCFunctionQueue.prototype.addToQueue = function(funcItem){ nvidiaGDClog("funcqueue/add"); nvidiaGDClog(funcItem); this.queue.push(funcItem); }; nvidiaGDCFunctionQueue.prototype.clearQueue = function(){ this.queue.length = 0; }; nvidiaGDCFunctionQueue.prototype.executeQueue = function(){ var nQueueLength = this.queue.length; var sTargetID, sMethodName, aParams, $targetElement, fMethod; for (var i = 0; i < this.queue.length; i++) { try { var funcItem = this.queue[i]; if (typeof funcItem === 'object') { nvidiaGDClog("funcqueue/object: " + funcItem['method']); sTargetID = funcItem['id']; sMethodName = funcItem['method']; aParams = funcItem['params']; $targetElement = $(document.getElementById(sTargetID)); fMethod = $targetElement[sMethodName]; fMethod.apply($targetElement, aParams); } else if (typeof funcItem === 'string' && nvidiaGDC.Func) { nvidiaGDClog("funcqueue/string: " + funcItem); if (typeof nvidiaGDC.Func[funcItem] === 'function') { nvidiaGDC.Func[funcItem].call(); } } } catch(err) { if (typeof console == "object") { nvidiaGDClog("Error running script - " + err + " (Has plugin been included?)"); nvidiaGDClog({ "sTargetID" : sTargetID, "sMethodName" : sMethodName, "aParams" : aParams, "$targetElement" : $targetElement, "fMethod" : fMethod }); } } } this.clearQueue(); }; nvidiaGDC.funcQueue = nvidiaGDC.funcQueue || new nvidiaGDCFunctionQueue(); })(NVIDIAGDC);

Visit your regional NVIDIA website for local content, pricing, and where to buy partners specific to your country.

Argentina Australia België (Belgium) Belgique (Belgium) Brasil (Brazil) Canada Česká Republika (Czech Republic) Chile Colombia Danmark (Denmark) Deutschland (Germany) España (Spain) France India Italia (Italy) México (Mexico) Middle East Nederland (Netherlands) Norge (Norway) Österreich (Austria) Peru Polska (Poland) Rest of Europe România (Romania) Singapore Suomi (Finland) Sverige (Sweden) Türkiye (Turkey) United Kingdom United States 대한민국 (South Korea) 中国大陆 (Mainland China) 台灣 (Taiwan) 日本 (Japan)

Continue

Skip to main content

});